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    December 22

    内需:远虑和近忧




    前段时间欢欢提出了一个疑虑,为什么国内明明最大的问题是内需不足,实践中却总是忙着补贴出口企业呢?我说,因为现在的问题不是拉动内需,而是防止内需大幅下滑。
    从长期来讲,国内经济最大的问题是结构不合理,由于国内没有消费能力导致无论投资还是生产,最终的指向大多数都向外。这个问题在美国人可以不计后果的胡乱消费时,似乎可以靠出口来弥补;但是当美国人也不得不稍作收敛的时候,还是终于暴露无遗。于是转变结构、拉动内需的呼声开始高企。
    人是一种很贱的动物:改革成本最低的时候往往是改革并不急迫,可以得过且过;而真的迫在眉睫时,回旋余地却已经很小了。正因为这样,尽管目前人们都意识到经济结构需要改革,但是如果没有巨大的压力来迫使所有的阻力退让,改革是很难推动的。因为饼已经变小了,还要重新分割,必然每一刀都有可能引发强烈的反弹。除非饼更小,小到分饼的意义已经不大,除非能够做大饼的体量。不要忘了,当初这个封闭的国家能够启动改革开放,就是因为如果不改革,整个饼都快要填不满牙缝了。
    现在是一个什么时局呢???有压力,但是并没有到走投无路,打几个补丁,得过且过也还可以。正因为这样,我们看见了一些也许会在长期导致更加恶化的救急手段,例如最终招致了wto争端的提高出口退税率。
    更加彻底的改革,也许只有这些权宜之计也无法有效缓解困局的时候,我们才能看到。

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